People enjoy sharing information through social media, including healthcare data. Yeah, it is true! And it constitutes the starting point of the research work titled ‘Exploring Spanish health social media for detecting drug effects’, which aims at following social media conversations to identify how people talk about their relation with drug consumption. This allows identifying possible adverse effects previously unknown related to these drugs. Although there is a protocol to communicate to the authorities the identification of a drug adverse effect, only a 5 – 20% of them are reported. Besides, conversations around drugs, symptoms, conditions and diseases can be analyzed to learn more about them. For example, it is possible to see how people search for specific drugs using social media, while others sell them, perhaps illegally. Many others talk about mixing alcohol with drugs or other illegal substances. Of course, one cannot believe everything that appears on the Internet —this is another issue—, but it can highlight some hypothesis for further research.
Some researchers from the Advanced Databases Group at Carlos III University of Madrid have carried out the mentioned study, designing hybrid models to capture the needed knowledge to identify adverse effects. The Natural Language Processing platform which supports the implementation of the analysis process based on such models is MeaningCloud. The customization capabilities provided by the platform have been decisive to include specific vocabulary and medical domain knowledge. As we know, the names of drugs and symptoms might be complex and, in some cases, difficult to write properly. The algorithm’s results are promising, with a 10% increase in recall when compared to other known algorithms. You can find further details in the scientific paper published by the BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making Journal.
These developments have been part of the TrendMiner project, and are now available in the prototype website TrendMiner Health Analytics Dashboard, which shows people’s comments about antidepressants gathered from social media. The console displays the mentions of antidepressants and related symptoms and, by clicking on any of them, their evolution over time. Moreover, the source texts analyzed to compute those mentions are shown at the bottom, with labels highlighting the names of drugs, symptoms or diseases, and any relations among them. Such relations might say if a drug is indicated for a symptom or if a disease is an adverse effect of the mentioned drug. The prototype also allows searching by the ATC code (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System) and the corresponding level according to this classification scheme. So, if you mark the ‘By Active Substance’ selector, you are searching any drug containing the active substance of the product you inserted in the search box. Furthermore, the predictive search functionality makes easier to find the right expression for a drug or disease.
Health and pharma companies can exploit their unstructured information
There are new kinds of data that are specific to the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries (such as electronic health records) as well as data science tools that allow us to extract valuable knowledge from that data.
With MeaningCloud, it is possible to identify the costs of medical treatments, their efficiency (cost, benefits, and risks), references to drugs, side effects, or long-term results. That is why our text analytics solution for the healthcare and pharma domains has so much potential.
The inclusion of application-specific linguistic resources (dictionaries, models) allows these tools to reach high levels of precision and recall, but, in general, this is an expensive process that requires a deep proficiency in these technologies.
Social monitoring tools provide a basic sentiment analysis that in the best of cases identifies that a certain comment (e.g. a tweet) expresses a positive or negative opinion about an entity, and use the aggregated data in diagrams and temporal evolutions. Nevertheless, analyzing a so multifaceted reality as the reputation of a company requires a more granular opinion analysis.